ÇATMA

Çatma fabric was woven in Bursa, İstanbul, and Bilecik during the Ottoman period. Çatmas are fabrics woven as of the 15th century, suitable for upholstery as well as outerwear. In the 16th-17th centuries, carnation, tulip, pomegranate, and plane leaf motifs patterned in cream on a violet/dark red-colored background draw attention. Pillows often have a central pattern composition. It has been determined that the closed pattern composition of these pillows has a history that goes back to the 13th-14th century Mamluk embroidery pillows. The same schemes in these pillows continued until the end of the 18th century and the beginning of the 19th century, with their quality reduced. The sultans of the period had studios set up as foundations for the mosques they had built. In the velvet çatma studio, which was moved to Hereke in 1844, production for palaces continues today, using old looms. Çatma is a type of velvet. Its difference from velvet is that the patterns are fluffy from the ground. Especially the sofa pillows made of çatma velvet of Bursa, İstanbul, and Bilecik studios in certain sizes and reflecting the pattern characteristics of the era are very famous. Çatma velvets were woven with satin grounds that were left open and gilded or silvered threads. Wefts from these threads were used only in unnapped areas and were tied in 1/4 S twist, with one of every three warps of the ground weaving. Many velvets have both unnapped and çatma areas. There are examples patterned in cream on a violet/dark red ground, and ones in red on a green or light blue ground. Çatma fabrics were used in outerwear and upholstery. Çatma velvet pillowcases are characterized by sharp niched borders on their short sides, navel motif, patterns of fan-shaped carnation, çintemani, tulip, pomegranate, plane leaf.